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User Execution

What is "User Execution"?

"User Execution" is a sub-category within the MITRE ATT&CK framework, specifically categorized under the Tactic "Execution." This tactic involves techniques that result in adversary-controlled code being executed by a user. In the context of cybersecurity, "User Execution" refers to scenarios where an attacker relies on the action of a user to run or execute malicious code. This can occur through various vectors such as malicious email attachments, downloadable files from untrusted sources, or deceptive links.

How does "User Execution" work?

  1. Delivery Mechanisms: The initial step often involves delivering a malicious payload to the target. Common methods include phishing emails, compromised websites offering downloads, or social engineering attacks prompting users to execute seemingly benign software.

  2. File Types: The payloads can be embedded in various file types that users commonly interact with such as documents (e.g., Microsoft Word, PDF), executable files, or scripts (e.g., batch files, PowerShell scripts).

  3. Social Engineering: This technique is crucial in convincing the user to execute the payload. Tactics can include disguising the file as legitimate software updates, important documents, or other enticing content that seems relevant or urgent.

  4. Execution: Once the user manually executes the file (by opening an attachment or running a program), the malicious code is executed on their system.

Where does "User Execution" typically occur?

  • Email Systems: One of the most common vectors for user execution attacks due to its ubiquity and direct access to users.
  • Web Browsers: Download prompts from websites are another common area where these attacks can initiate.
  • Local Networks: Through shared network resources where malicious files might be stored and accessed by users.
  • External Media: USB drives or other external devices that contain auto-executable scripts or malware-infected files.

Why is "User Execution" significant?

  • Bypassing Security Measures: User execution exploits the trust and privileges granted to legitimate users. Since the action is initiated by the user themselves, it often bypasses traditional security measures like antivirus software which might not detect a seemingly legitimate interaction.
  • Exploiting Human Factors: It leverages social engineering which targets less technically aware users who might not recognize subtle cues of phishing or malicious intent.
  • Facilitating Further Attacks: Once executed, it can serve as an entry point for further exploitation within a system—enabling attackers to deploy additional payloads like ransomware, spyware, or establish persistent access.

In summary, understanding and mitigating risks associated with "User Execution" requires both technical solutions and comprehensive user education programs aimed at recognizing and resisting social engineering tactics.